The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland played a significant influence in the development of parliamentary democracy as well as the advancement of literature and science as the dominating industrial and marine force of the 19th century. The British Empire covered one-fourth of the surface of the world at its height. Two World Wars and the Irish Republic’s withdrawal from the union significantly weakened the UK’s power in the first half of the 20th century. The fall of the Empire and the UK’s rebirth as a contemporary, thriving member of Europe were observed in the second half. The UK pursues a global agenda as one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, a founding member of NATO, and of the Commonwealth.
The UK, a leading trading power and financial center, is one of the quintet of trillion dollar economies of Western Europe. Over the past two decades, the government has greatly reduced public ownership and contained the growth of social welfare programs. Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanized, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with less than 2% of the labor force. The UK has large coal, natural gas, and oil resources, but its oil and natural gas reserves are declining and the UK became a net importer of energy in 2005; energy industries now contribute about 4% to GDP. Services, particularly banking, insurance, and business services, account by far for the largest proportion of GDP while industry continues to decline in importance. Since emerging from recession in 1992, Britain’s economy enjoyed the longest period of expansion on record during which time growth outpaced most of Western Europe. The global economic slowdown, tight credit, and falling home prices, however, pushed Britain back into recession in the latter half of 2008 and prompted the BROWN government to implement a number of new measures to stimulate the economy and stabilize the financial markets; these include part-nationalizing the banking system, cutting taxes, suspending public sector borrowing rules, and bringing forward public spending on capital projects. The Bank of England periodically coordinates interest rate moves with the European Central Bank, but Britain remains outside the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), and opinion polls show a majority of Britons oppose joining the euro.
Due to its location as an island, England experiences a variety of climates. The weather is unpredictable, so we never know what to expect from one day to the next. One day it may be bright, the next it may rain. The weather is tough to forecast. The UK typically has warm summers and chilly winters. The winters are milder, but the summers are cooler than those on the mainland. The North Atlantic Current helps to regulate the climate, which is generally mild. More than half of the days are cloudy.
In the UK, there is a diverse mixture of cultures. The majority of the world’s foreign communities are present in London. The majority of Britons are tolerant of immigrants and recognise people’s right to hold disparate beliefs. Typically, people feel free to express their own views and dress however they choose. Never assume that people will always concur with you. British humour is powerful, yet it can be challenging for outsiders to discern when someone is kidding. People frequently wait to introduce themselves to strangers before striking up a conversation, in part to prevent any potential humiliation. Ideas from individuals are encouraged. Music and the arts are creative. Working in a group is typically something that British people struggle with. Most people are modest. They choose not to express their complaints outright because life is generally quiet and when there is poor service, little is done to change it.
The UK work market is generally strong. New graduates have good opportunities, which are predicted to increase by 16.4% in 2008. (As per Association of Graduate Recruiters). London accounted for 41% of hiring, and the South East for 10.3%. The most common graduate employment fields in the capital are finance, law, consulting, and allied fields, whereas health and social work are in demand in other parts of the UK. Certain abilities in management, support services, designing, analysing, finance, etc. are in high demand from UK organisations. As a result, UK students seeking study in these subjects should anticipate successful job options. A few adjustments to the points-based system for UK immigration have just lately been made.
Any age group can enjoy a great vacation in the United Kingdom. It is the sixth most popular tourist destination in the world. The United Kingdom receives about 30 million tourists annually, and in 2007, the country spent £ 21238 million on tourism. It includes a lot of amazing experiences in Scotland and Wales as well as many other stunning tourist destinations including Alton Tower and Buckingham Palace in London. Cities like Glasgow, Edinburgh, and London are well known for their pubs, cuisine, and traditional ways of doing things. For the convenience of both domestic and foreign travellers, the UK’s tourism department offers a wide range of facilities and services. Campus visits are frequently offered by institutions to their students.
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